Ella Fitzgerald

Ella Fitzgerald, the First Lady of Song.

Ella Fitzgerald was one of the most important jazz singers of the history. She was born in Virginia, U.S.A. She grew up in a modest family. She was still a baby when her parents get separated and she and her mother moved to Yonkers, New York, with her new stepfather, Joseph Da Silva. In her youth, she wanted to be a dancer, although she loved listening to jazz recordings by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby and The Boswell Sisters.

Her mother died from a heart attack. Ella fell into depression because she was raped by her stepfather. Following these traumas, she frequently skipped school, and she worked as a lookout at a bordello with a Mafia-affiliated as numbers runner. She was caught for the authorities and she was placed to a state reformatory, the New York Training School for Girls in Hudson.

In 1934, At Apollo Theater in Harlem New York, Ella Fitzgerald won the concourse of Amateur Night Shows. After that, she managed to enter the Chick Webb Orchestra and she recorded almost all the songs of the band and in 1938 she was a famous singer. When Chick Webb died in 1939, the band continued to tour under the new name, "Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Orchestra" but in 1942, Fitzgerald left the band to begin a solo career. She developed a unique vocal style that emerged for the decline of the big bands called "scatting". Fitzgerald started scat singing as a major part of her performance.

Over the course of her 59 year of career, Ella won 13 Grammy Awards and was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

In 1993, Fitzgerald had both her legs amputated because the effects of diabetes. In 1996 she died when she was 79 of the disease in Beverly Hills, California.

JOHNNY DEPP

He was born on June 9th 1963 in Owensboro, State of Kentucky (USA). His name is John Christopher Depp III, is son of John Christopher Depp a Engineer and his mother is Betty Sue palmer who is divorced since John Deep was a teenager.

He grew up in Miramar a city located in Florida, he had a very lonely childhood, and he liked play the guitar, and he belonged a one band called the kids.

He moved to Los Angeles, and he was working like a builder in 1980. Althought he traveled to Los Angeles with the idea of getting a music career, he was very fortunate, because he met with Nicolas Cage who helped him to make his first casting.

His first job as an actor was pesadilla en Elm Street, His role was the victim of Freddy Kruggere, even he appeared in the famous movie PLATÓN and then he became to be famous in a set of FOX and he began to be consider like a Sex Simbol.

The most important film Role that definitely made him famous was Eduardo Manostijeras which won a Nomination of the best actor, Also he shared this role with which would be your partner from 1990 to 1993, Winona Ryder.

His popularity rose by their participation in the successful pirates of the Caribbean and its sequels (2003, 2006 and 2007), that gives life to Captain Jack Sparrow.

His career is however, characterized by its preference for risky and non-commercial roles. Also has been one of the actors most desired by great directors such as John Waters, Tim Burton, Emir Kusturica, Jim Jarmush, Lasse Hallström.

Johnny has had its charms and tragedies in his private life, He was married when twenty years with Lori Allison; then he held the relationship with Winona Ryder and Kate Moss, and now found stability with singer and actress Vanessa Paradis, the couple had

two children, Lily-Rose Melody Depp and Jack Depp.

BYOGRAPHY FACUNDO CABRAL BY JUAN ESTEBAN CUELLAR GIL

Rodolfo Enrique Cabral was born on May 22, 1937, in La Plata, Buenos Aires, he had the first name of his father Rodolfo, but his mother called him "Facundo" by Facundo Quiroga, an Argentine leader.

Facundo grew up in Ushuaia the city argentine with sex siblings.

His mother before eating food from the trash, she knelt to thanks God.

Facundo at age 11 was in a reform school because he had stolen two bottles of gin and a bottle of whiskey. There he met a wonderful Jesuit priest who worked there, who led Cabral to sleep in the library because Facundo was very violent.

The Jesuit taught to read and write to Facundo, and then the Jesuit helped him out of the reformatory.

After that, Facundo met a beggar who told him: "You are a prince and son of the King" while the mendicant raised his hand to heaven, your father is God.

Facundo Cabral after hearing that, and believe it, wrote the lullaby "Flying Low"

He walked 3.000 km at the age of nine to look for work to support his mother and six siblings after his father abandoned them. When he left his mother, she told him "This is the second, and last gift I can give you. The first was to give you life, and the second one, the liberty to live it".

He traveled to Mar del Plata and got a job in a hotel where the owner saw him with his guitar and gave him the opportunity to sing.

He wrote music that inspired millions. He met Mother Teresa. He performed in over 165 countries in eight different languages. His earlier artistic name was El Indio Gasparino.

His wife and daughter one year-old were killed in a plane crash in 1978 near San Diego. He was nearly blind and crippled, and was a bone cancer survivor as well and was diagnosed in his twenties, his doctor told him he only had a couple of months to live but he survived much more time and was an inspiration to all.

Murder

Cabral was shot and killed during a tour in Guatemala City while route to La Aurora International Airport on July 9, 2011.

He had left a hotel in the west of Guatemala City, after giving a concert the previous evening in Quetzaltenango, and he was headed to the airport when gunmen attacked his vehicle, a white Range Rover Sport, hitting him with at least eight bullets. He died in the car. The incident occurred at around 05.20 (local time). Cabral initially planned to take a hotel transport to the airport, but accepted a ride from Nicaraguan concert promoter Henry Fariñas.

Cabral was with his agent David Llanos and Henry Fariñas, who were hurt. He was accompanied by a second vehicle carrying bodyguard, but they couldn't protect the singer's vehicle from the bullets. Cabral was riding in a SUV that tried to flee the attackers by driving into a fire station. At least 20 bullet holes were seen in the Range Rover car he was in. The gunmen were in three late-model vehicles, one in front of Cabral's car and two to the right and left. One of the attackers' vehicles was later found abandoned on the road to El Salvador. It was a brown Hyundai Santa Fe with bullet holes and containing bullet-proof vests and an AK-47 magazine. The Argentine consul in Guatemala, Enrique Vaca Narvaja, confirmed the report of the attack. Guatemalan authorities confirmed that the target of the attack was the concert promoter — possibly because of troubles with organized crime. Three suspects have been arrested.

Charles Chaplin

We think too much and feel too little. Sr. Charles Spencer Chaplin

Charles Chaplin was born in London on April 16^th 1889 and died on December 25^th 1977. His parents were Jewish, and they both were singer and dancer.

When Charles was born, his family wasn’t going through a good time because his father had left the home and his mother had to hold it by herself. She was a recognizer singer, but at a day, her voice began to fail and, during a presentation, she wasn’t able to sing. At that moment, the director made to sing to the little Charles who had been listened before imitating her mother’s voice. It was the first performance of Charles Chaplin.

Charles Chaplin’s mother began to suffer of her mind and for that reason they went to live in an asylum, but then, she was sent to a sanatorium. Charles and his brother were studying in an poor children’s school.

In 1897, Charles got joined to a group of young amateur actors.

In 1901, he got an actuation in the drama the Romance of a Cockney and four years after, he participated in Sherlock Holmes. Then he signed several agreements.

His most important character was Charlote with first appearance was in 1914, and with that character, he recorded 35 short films.

Charles was a great comedian, who left messages of love, peace and humor. With his movies, full of humor, mime, he addressed issues about politics, society and humanism.

Roger Federer

Roger Federer

Tennis star Roger Federer was born on August 8, 1981 in Basel, Switzerland, to
Swiss father Robert Federer and South-African mother Lynette Du Rand.
Federer took an interest in sports at an early age, playing tennis and soccer at the
age of 8. The young athlete excelled at athletics, and by age 11, he was the Top 3
junior tennis players in Switzerland.
At age 14, Federer became the national junior champion in Switzerland, and was
chosen to train at the Swiss National Tennis Center in Ecublens, and had his first
sponsorship by the age of 16.
Federer won the Wimbledon boys' singles and doubles titles in 1998, and turned
professional later that year. At Wimbledon 2001, he caused a sensation by
knocking out reigning singles champion Pete Sampras in the fourth round. In 2003,
following a successful season on grass, Federer became the first Swiss man to win
a Grand Slam title when he became a Wimbledon singles champion.
Federer held on to his No. 1 ranking from 2004 to 2008.
In 2003, Federer established the Roger Federer Foundation, which helps provide
grants to poor countries that have child mortality rates of more than 15 percent, for
education- and sports-related projects, among others.
In 2009, Federer married with Mirka Vavrinec, a former professional tennis player.
That July, the couple became the parents of twin girls, Myla and Charlene. Federer
lives with his family in Oberwil, Switzerland.
Federer's career escalated once again in 2012, when he defeated defending
champion Novak Djokovic in the Wimbledon semifinals, and went on to beat Andy
Murray in the Wimbledon finals and Federer won his seventh Wimbledon. The
Wimbledon 2012 win helped the 30 year old tennis star regain the No. 1 spot, and
tie the world No. 1 ranking record of 286 weeks.

Biography by Juliana Arango Navarro – Final Project Course 13 –

Steve Jobs: the genius of the innovation

Steven Paul Jobs was born in 1955 in Los Angeles, California and he was the founder of Apple, the most innovative company of our century. He was a genius of the entertainment and informatics industry.

He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs and since he was a child, Jobs showed his interest for the electronic. When he was 12, he belonged to a Club called Hewlett-Packard Explorer, where he met the first computer.

His ideas were always visionaries and he never stopped thinking how to change the world. When he finished the school, he began the University but he only studied for a couple of months. He quit and in 1974, when he was working with Atari.Inc as a video games designer, he began to work with his first partner, Sthepen Wozniak. In his garage, they created Apple I, considered the first personal computer of the story. In 1976, they founded Apple Computer.

In 1977, Jobs and Wozniak created Apple II, the first computer of massive consume and the company achieved the biggest growing in the United States. Three years later, Apple dabbled in the stock market. For this time, he was 26 years old and he was rich and powerful.

In 1981, Jobs didn´t stop doing big things, and he bought from George Lucas, for 50 million dollars, the animated company Lucas Film. In 1986, this company became in Pixar Animation Studios. In 1993, Jobs invented the concept World Wide Web, which would be the base for developing of Internet. And in 1995 Pixar launched Toy Story, a co-production with Disney, which was the first movie created and developed by a computer system. This movie was a complete success and won an Oscar of the Academy. The next hit of Pixar, would be the film “Bichos”.

Microsoft, the company created by Bill Gates, was the big competence of Jobs. However, in august of 1997, Jobs informed about an agreement with Microsoft, which decided to invest 150 million dollars in Apple. At the end, they both realized that they needed each other. As curious information, the enmity between these popular figures was the topic of the movie “Pirates of Silicon Valley”, produced in 1998 for TNT.

From 1997 to 2009, Jobs worked as a President in Apple, always characterized for his innovative ideas. En 2001, the company changed the music industry with the creation of iPod and two years later, with the creation of iTunes.

Because of health problems, Jobs had to stop his job in 2004 when he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. For nine months, he refused to be operated, but after he did it and supposedly, he got a good recuperation. He came back and in 2007, Apple LANZÓ the first telephone of high gamma with touch screen and Internet connection. Besides, in November of this year, Jobs was appointed the most powerful person in business by Fortune magazine.

In 2009, the health problems appeared again and he had surgery; a liver transplantation. Despite of it, and under his leadership and incredible creativity, Apple surprised the world in 2010 when they presented the iPad. In October of 2011, Jobs announced his resignation to Apple. “Unfortunately, this day has come”, he said.

Jobs got married with Laurence Powell in 1991 and they had three children. When he died in October 5 of 2011, he was with all his family in his home in California.

By this moment, his fortune was valued in 8.300 million dollars and he was in the position 110 of Forbes. Nowadays, Apple has more than 317 patents. As Steven Spielberg said, “Steve Jobs was the greatest inventor since Thomas Edison. He put the world in our hands”.

For ending, I want to recommend an awesome speech of Steve Jobs that shows his vision of the life. These are the links where you can find them. (Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtbJM9ksxo8 / Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXJSNwvPgBk&feature=related)

BOB MARLEY WHO WAS & WHAT HE DID?

Robert Nesta Marley (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981), better known as Bob Marley, was a singuer, guitarist, songwriter from the ghettos of Jamaica. He is the best known reggae musician of all times, famous for popularising the genre outside of Jamaica. Much of his work deals with the struggles of the impoverished and/or powerless. 

He was a generous man who cared about the welfare of people, especially of black race, he spread the message of Marcus Garvey with the purposes to free blacks through words that reach hearts and minds of all people. It was also important to him to send instinctively messages against cowardly values ​​imposed by the dominant ideology of the “system” (Babylon).

He loved music and was a wise man to reach the hearts of people using his music and rhythms. He spread their messages being loyal to their beliefs.

He was considered a mature man who brought the “Caribbean rhythms”, known for their incredibly soft and catchy sounds. He was called “the king”. His messages were sung sensitively to demostrate the social problematic and the bad political management of the white race.

He was poor but rich at heart. A neat man who lived sharing with others and energetic when he sang.

Michael Phelps

Michael Phelps was born on june 30,1985, and grew up in baltimore suburb of townson.He has broken several world records in his sport.
Even his record breaking has broken new records,he has the first swimmer ever toshatter two wold records in individual events.Phelps,whose best stroke is is the butterfly, is said to passes the perfect build for competitive swiming.
When he was 11 years old, his parents brought him to a top swim coach.Bob Bowman after waching him swim he agreed to take over his training.Bowman told Phelps he had olympic potential the young 12 years old gave up his other sports wichwere;soccer,lacrosse and baseball, he began  wiming every competitive even he entered.The first time he lost,however, he was so upset that  he threw down his goggles.
Finally he was the youngert american male swimmer to enter an olympic contest since 1932 he had qualifed for just one event, the 200 meter butterfly and finished in fifth place. This is a little review of the man who has been for a lot people the best swimmer in the history.

Steve Jobs

Steve Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1995 in San Francisco, California and later died on October 5, 2011. His biological parents were Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Carole Schieble who gave him up for adoption to a middle class couple, Paul and Clara Jobs. Later in life Steve Jobs was to become one of the world’s most recognized and important businessmen, being the co-founder and chief executive of Apple Inc. and Pixar Animation Studios, and the major shareholder of The Walt Disney Company when Pixar was acquired by Disney in 2006.
As a child Steve attended school at Cupertino Middle School and Homestead High School, both in Cupertino, California. At a very early age he was interested in electronics and gadgets, which was the reason he was to join a club called Hewlett-Packard Explorer Club. This interest in electronics and membership in the club led Jobs to do a summer internship at Hewlett-Packard where he met Steve Wozniak. At 21 years of age he founded the company, Apple, with Wozniak in the garage of his house.
Steve Jobs was married in 1991 to Laurene Powell and had three children. In October 2003 he was diagnosed with cancer and in mid-2004 announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in the pancreas. Jobs resisted for nine months to follow medical directions to perform routine intervention with conventional medicine, and instead followed a special alternative medicine diet. Steve Jobs died at his California home around 3 pm on October 5, 2011, at age 56, as a result of respiratory arrest resulting from pancreatic cancer metastasis.

Isabel Restrepo G.

Benjamin Solomon Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 18, 1951. The second son of Sonya and Robert Solomon Carson, Ben grew up in the hardened climate of inner-city Detroit. Ben's mother was raised in Tennessee in a very large family. She dropped out of school in the third grade. With not much hope or prospects in life, she married Baptist minister Robert Carson when she was 13, believing that he would change her life. The couple moved to Detroit, Michigan, and for a time, the marriage was a success. Carson showered his wife with gifts and attention. But over time, Robert Carson changed. Though benevolent, he could also be domineering and erratic. In time, Sonya felt it was best for her sons if she and Robert divorced.
Both Ben and his brother experienced difficulty in school. Ben fell to the bottom of his class, and became the object of ridicule by his classmates. He developed a violent and uncontrollable temper, and was known to attack other children at the slightest provocation. The poverty he lived in and the difficult times he experienced in school seem to exacerbate the anger and rage. 
Determined to turn her sons around, Sonya limited their TV time to just a few select programs and refused to let them go outside to play until they'd finished their homework. She was criticized for this by her friends.
At first, Ben resented the strict regimen. While his friends were playing outside, he was stuck in the house, forced to read a book or do his homework. But after several weeks of his mother's unrelenting position, he began to find enjoyment in reading. Being poor, there wasn't much opportunity to go anywhere. But between the covers of a book he could go anyplace, be anybody, and do anything. Ben began to learn how to use his imagination and found it more enjoyable than watching television. This attraction to reading soon led to a strong desire to learn more. Carson read books on all types of subjects and found connections between them. He saw himself as the central character of what he was reading, even if it was a technical book or an encyclopedia. He read about people in laboratories, pouring chemicals into a beaker or flask, or discovering galaxies, or peering into a microscope. He began to see himself differently, different than the other kids in his neighborhood who only wanted to get out of school, get some nice clothes, and a nice car. He saw that he could become the scientist or physician he had dreamed about. Staying focused on this vision of his future helped him get through some of the more difficult times. 
After Ben graduated with honors from high school, he knew he wanted to pursue a medical career. But because his mother was not financially well off, Carson had to work through most of his time in college. The automobile industry was facing a downturn in Detroit during the 1970s, making it tough to get a summer job. But Carson was determined to achieve his goals. He knocked on doors looking for summer work and usually, through persistence, was able to obtain one. From this work, and a scholarship, he attended Yale University and earned a B.A. degree in psychology. 
In 1975, he married Lacrena "Candy" Rustin whom he met at Yale. Carson earned his medical degree, and the young couple moved to Baltimore, Maryland, where he became a resident at Johns Hopkins University in 1977. His excellent eye-hand coordination and three-dimensional reasoning skills made him a superior surgeon early on. By 1982, he was chief resident in neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins. 

In 1983, Carson received an important invitation. Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Perth, Australia,  needed a neurosurgeon and invited Carson to take the position. Resistant at first to move so far away from home, he eventually accepted the offer. It proved to be an important one. Australia at the time was without enough doctors with highly sophisticated training in neurosurgery. Carson gained several years worth of experience in the year he was in Australia and honed his skills tremendously. 

Carson returned to Johns Hopkins in 1984 and, by 1985, he became director of pediatric neurosurgery at the young age of 33. In 1987, Carson attracted international attention by performing a surgery to separate two 7-month-old craniopagus twins from Germany. Patrick and Benjamin Binder were born joined at the head. Their parents contacted Carson, who went to Germany to consult with the parents and the boys' doctors. Because the boys were joined at the back of the head, and because they had separate brains, he felt the operation could be performed successfully. On September 4, 1987, Carson and a team of 70 doctors, nurses, and support staff joined forces for what would be a 22-hour surgery. Part of the challenge in radical neurosurgery is to prevent severe bleeding and trauma to the patients. In this operation, Carson had applied a technique used in cardiac surgery called hypothermic arrest. The boys' bodies were cooled down so the blood flowed slower and bleeding was less severe. This allowed the surgeons to perform the delicate task of untangling, dividing, and repairing shared blood vessels. Although the twins did have some brain damage, both survived the separation, making Carson's surgery the first of its kind. 
This is the biography of one of my heroes, he show to the world that you get that you want, and remains the best.
He is a model for many people like me.